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mpo inhibitor  (Selleck Chemicals)


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    Selleck Chemicals mpo inhibitor
    Fig. <t>5</t> <t>NADPH</t> activation and ROS production were involved in the formation of P. hominis-induced METs. a, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. b, ROS production was detected via DCFH-DA. Macrophages were pretreated or untreated with DPI. The macrophages stimulated with zymosan (1 mg/ml) were used as a positive control, and unstimulated macrophages were used as a negative control. c, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with <t>MPO</t> inhibitor (4-ABAH) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. d, DNase I was added to the coincubated medium 15 min before the end of incubation. The dsDNA produced by METs in supernatants was stained with PicoGreen and detected. Bars represent the mean ± SD for the three experiments, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001
    Mpo Inhibitor, supplied by Selleck Chemicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/mpo+inhibitor/4-Aminobenzoic+acid/pm40598534-81-22-28
    Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    mpo inhibitor - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars

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    1) Product Images from "Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway."

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.

    Journal: Parasites & vectors

    doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06840-w

    Fig. 5 NADPH activation and ROS production were involved in the formation of P. hominis-induced METs. a, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. b, ROS production was detected via DCFH-DA. Macrophages were pretreated or untreated with DPI. The macrophages stimulated with zymosan (1 mg/ml) were used as a positive control, and unstimulated macrophages were used as a negative control. c, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with MPO inhibitor (4-ABAH) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. d, DNase I was added to the coincubated medium 15 min before the end of incubation. The dsDNA produced by METs in supernatants was stained with PicoGreen and detected. Bars represent the mean ± SD for the three experiments, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001
    Figure Legend Snippet: Fig. 5 NADPH activation and ROS production were involved in the formation of P. hominis-induced METs. a, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. b, ROS production was detected via DCFH-DA. Macrophages were pretreated or untreated with DPI. The macrophages stimulated with zymosan (1 mg/ml) were used as a positive control, and unstimulated macrophages were used as a negative control. c, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with MPO inhibitor (4-ABAH) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. d, DNase I was added to the coincubated medium 15 min before the end of incubation. The dsDNA produced by METs in supernatants was stained with PicoGreen and detected. Bars represent the mean ± SD for the three experiments, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Positive Control, Negative Control, Incubation, Produced, Staining

    Related Articles

    Activation Assay:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Positive Control:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Negative Control:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Produced:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Staining:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Derivative Assay:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Expressing:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Confocal Microscopy:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Flow Cytometry:

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130, USA).

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway
    Article Snippet: The cells incubated with 1 mg/ml zymosan (different time grouping: 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min; different ratios grouping: 120 min) or culture medium were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.. In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77-0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) content in the cell culture supernatant was measured via the Quant-iT picogreen dsDNA reagent and kit (Invitrogen, Q33130 , USA).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.. TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 μg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 μM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 μM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 μM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 μM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 μg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).

    Article Title: Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury
    Article Snippet: Briefly, TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation.TECs were cultured in glucose-free DMEM (Gibco) and exposed to 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for 12 h. Then, the glucose-free DMEM was replaced with normal DMEM, and the cells were returned to a normoxic chamber for 2 h of reoxygenation. ... TECs were treated in the presence or absence of NETs, degranulation substrate, DNase I (2 µg/mL, Sigma), an MMP9 inhibitor (Sivelestat, 10 µM, Selleck), an NE inhibitor (SB-3CT, 10 µM, Selleck), an MPO inhibitor (MPO-IN-28, 10 µM, Selleck), a TLR3 inhibitor (CU-CPT 4a, 10 µM, MCE), poly(I: C) (MCE, 20 µg/mL), or RNase III (40 U/mL, Thermo).



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    Fig. 5 NADPH activation and ROS production were involved in the formation of P. hominis-induced METs. a, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. b, ROS production was detected via DCFH-DA. Macrophages were pretreated or untreated with DPI. The macrophages stimulated with zymosan (1 mg/ml) were used as a positive control, and unstimulated macrophages were used as a negative control. c, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with MPO inhibitor (4-ABAH) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. d, DNase I was added to the coincubated medium 15 min before the end of incubation. The dsDNA produced by METs in supernatants was stained with PicoGreen and detected. Bars represent the mean ± SD for the three experiments, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001

    Journal: Parasites & vectors

    Article Title: Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.

    doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06840-w

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 NADPH activation and ROS production were involved in the formation of P. hominis-induced METs. a, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor (DPI) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. b, ROS production was detected via DCFH-DA. Macrophages were pretreated or untreated with DPI. The macrophages stimulated with zymosan (1 mg/ml) were used as a positive control, and unstimulated macrophages were used as a negative control. c, Macrophages (7.5 × 105 cells/ml) were pretreated with MPO inhibitor (4-ABAH) prior to P. hominis trophozoite stimulation for 30 min. d, DNase I was added to the coincubated medium 15 min before the end of incubation. The dsDNA produced by METs in supernatants was stained with PicoGreen and detected. Bars represent the mean ± SD for the three experiments, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001

    Article Snippet: In parallel experiments, macrophages were pretreated with 20 μM of NADPH oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium [DPI], Merck, D2926, USA), 100 μM of MPO inhibitor (4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide [4-ABAH], Selleck, S9874, China), 50 μM of extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor (U0126, Selleck, S1102, China), 10 μM of p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190, Selleck, S1077, China), 100 μM of TLR2 inhibitor (TLR2-IN-C29, Selleck, S6597, China), 100 μM of SOCE inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB], Selleck, S6657, China), 10 μM of PAD4 inhibitor (GSK484 hydrochloride, MedChemExpress, HY-100514, USA), and 1 μM of cytochalasin D (Cyt D, APExBio, 22144-77- 0, USA) at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 30 min. DNase I in 90 U/well (Thermo Scientific, EN0523, USA) was used to digest the MET structure for 15 min before the end of coincubation.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Positive Control, Negative Control, Incubation, Produced, Staining